Passionflower
Passionflower
Passion
Flower
; al. Passionblüme;
English
. Maypop,
passionflower
.
Aerial parts.
The flowers of this plant are climbing
a
crown of appendices petaloides filamentary and located on
a
androginóforo, 5 anthers with
orange
stamens and an ovary unilocular with 3 carpels and
a
style with three branches estigmático widened.
Source
.
All species of the genus are tropical or subtropical. Originally from
Brazil
and Peru, the official species is
common
in southern United States, as well as in
Mexico
and the Bahamas. It can be grown in any part of the Mediterranean basin.
Chemical composition.
Many components have been isolated. Some are mundane: dare, amino acids, phytosterols, umbeliferona, acids, phenols, escopoletol. The heterósidos cianogenéticos (characteristic of the genus) are certainly represented by the ginocardina.
Substances that might be involved in the
activity
fall into three groups:
• Alkaloids:
Derived from the ß - carbolinas, are hardly abundant (less than 0. 03%) The harmano, the majority, is accompanied by similar derivatives
but
did not seem consistent: harmol, AdrianSuSE and their counterparts dihydrogen, harmalol and harmalina.
• Flavonoids:
It is
almost
solely of mono -
C
- glucosil flavones: vitexina (8 -
C
- beta -
D
- glucosil apigenol) orientina (8 -
C
- beta -
D
- glucosil - luteolol) and its isomers in 6 and di -
C
glucosil flavones: saponarina, 2 - lucenina, 2 - vicenina; have also been isolated from the drug SAFTA, the isosaftósido well as the
C
- bios heterosídicos (glycosides in 2 the isovitexina and the isoorientina) 114, 115]
• maltol:
This pyrone (2 - methyl - 3 - hydroxy - pyrone) is present in very low: 0. 05%.
Pharmacological data.
What components should be attributed to the
activity
sedative drugs and shown in various experiments on animals? and. The answer is not clear. Many works cited alkaloids: this is contradictory to what is known about the
central
stimulant properties of beta - carbolinas due to its interactivity with the recipients of benzodiazepines, also known hallucinogenic properties of the AdrianSuSE and
activity
MAO inhibitor of beta - tetrahydro carbolinas. In the mouse, maltol exerts
a
depressive effect on the
spontaneous
motor
activity
(inhibition of 50% at
a
dose of 75 mg / kg) and power clearly the duration of sleep induced by hexobarbital (DE 300 to 500 mg / kg) besides being anticonvulsant.
It is
a
question: Is the concentration of this compound is sufficient to explain the
activity
of the drug? Is unlikely. It would therefore be necessary to consider
a
synergy between different compounds. This hypothesisis reinforced by the work carried out on
a
pharmacological extract of
P
. alata Aitonthat contains flavonoids and alkaloids.
Observations on the Man.
Have been very few published studies. We must draw
a
double - blind study conducted in
a
partnership based on plant extracts that show very clearly their interest to ensure
a
long sleep and
a
decrease in anxiety without drowsiness. Delaveau reported on the results of
a
survey carried out in outpatient medicine that seems to confirm the interest of the
pasiflora
as neurosedante.
Employment.
The
pasiflora
is widely used: the extract is part of the composition of the specialties allopathic proposals in the symptomatic treatment of states neurotónicos of adults and
children
and
cardiac
disorders
ERET (palpitations) This specialty associated forms of galenical
pasiflora
to those of other "tranquilizers" or "cardiosedantes" plant
valerian
,
hawthorn
Albar, and so on. The drug is also used in specialized
nature
of spasmolytic.
The widely used
herbal
cannabis: infusions, criomolturados, nebulised. It
has
not been identified until
now
, one side effect (the content carbolinas is negligible) for this drug that would - according to their prescribers - get
a
good sedative,
a
dream of quality and an easing of distress, without iatrogenic risk. In Spain, authorizing the use of this plant for the treatment of anxiety, emotion, nervousness,
stress
,
insomnia
.
Precautions.
May be somewhat reduced ability to drive and to control heavy machinery.
The drug.
The stem, woody, grayish, sometimes
purple
, owns leaves alternate, petiolated long, divided into three lobes acute (6 - 8 x 2 - 3 cm) and with finely toothed pubescent nerves. The tendrils, inserted into the armpits of the leaves are thin and smooth.
The petiole
has
two dark nectar glands. The fakes are more
common
with other species of the genus:
P
. edulis Sims. the "fruit of passion") and
P
. coerulea L. ornamental species acclimated in our gardens. The first kind is clearly toothed leaves on the edges of the blade, the second is pentalobulada. Microscopic examination, as well as
a
study in CCF of the flavonoidsensures the identification of the drug. Can be quantitatively assess the major components, especially through the technique of high - performance
liquid
chromatography, 123]
Bibliography.
T
. BRASSEUR and L. ANGENOT.
Contribution à l'étude pharmacognostique of Passiflore.
J. Pharm. Belg. 39, 15 - 22, 1984.
E
. S. Olafsdottir, Villegas ANDERSEN J. et JAROSZEWSKI.
Cyanohydrin glycosides of Passifloraceae.
Phytochemistry, 28127 - 132, 1989; see also:
KC SEGLER et
D
. S. Seigle, Gynocardin from Passiflora incarnata.
Planta Med
. 50, 356 - 357, 1984.
J. LUTOMSKI,
E
. SEGIET,
K
. and
K
. SZPUNAR GRISSA.
Die Bedeutung der Passionsblüme in der Zeit our Heikunde in Pharmazie, 10, 45 - 49, 1981.
C
. CONGORA,
A
. and J. PROLIAC RAYNAUD.
Isolement et deux identification of glucosyl - lutéolines mono -
C
- substitutes and the diglucosyl - 6, 8 - lutéoline di -
C
substituée tiges dans les feuilles of Passiflora incarnata.
Helv. Chim Acta, 69, 251 - 253, 1986.
H
. GEIGER and
K
. R. MARKHAM.
The
C
- glycosylflavone pattern of Passiflora incarnata L.
Z. Naturforsch, 41c, 949 - 950, 1986.
A
. PROLIAC and J. RAYNAUD.
O - glucosyl - 2 " -
C
- glucosyl - 6 apigénine of Passiflora incarnata L. Passifloraceae)
Pharm. Acta Helv. 63, 174 - 175, 1988.
N. Aoyagi, R. KIMURA and
T
. MURATA.
Studies on Passiflora incarnata dry extract:
I. Isolation of maltol and pharmacological action of maltol and ethylmaltol.
Chem. Pharm. Bull. 22, 1008 - 1013, 1974.
W.
E
. MÜLLER,
K
. I. FEHSKE,
H
. O. Borba,
U
. WOLLERT,
C
. Teaching and
H
. ROMMELSPACHER.
On the neuropharmacology of harmane and other ß - carbolinas.
Pharmacol. Biochem. and Behav. 14, 693 - 699, 1981; see also:
D
. BIDET et al. L'actualité chimique, 17 - 30, 1984;
H
. ROMMELSPACHER et al. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 70, 409 - 416, 1981;
C
. PIERARD them ß - carbolinas d'origine naturelle et leur biological interest, Thèse dr. Pharm. S.
D
. Paris V, 1984.
S. OGA,
P
.
C
.
D
. DE FREITAS,
A
.
C
. GOMES DA SILVA and S. HANADA.
Pharmacological trials of crude extract of Passiflora alata.
Planta Med
. 50, 303 - 306, 1984. South
P
. alata: ULUBELEN
A
. et al. J. Nat. Prod. 45, 783, 1982.
D
. BIZET and
F
. ROUBAUDI.
The Passiflore, Passiflora incarnata L. Passifloracées.
Phytotherapy, 26) 22 - 24, 1988.
G. B. CAVAZUTTI.
Pharmacologique Etude d'une clinique et d'GABOB association of plant extracts used having chez l'enfant et des troubles du du sommeil behavior.
Clin. ter. 51, 15 - 29, 1969.
P
. Delaveau. The Passiflore. Act. Pharm. 227) 1985.
H
. WAGNER, G. TITTEL and S. BLADT.
Analyze standardisicrung und von Arzneidrogen und Phytopräparaten durch Hochleistungsflüssigchromatographie (HPLC) und andere chromatographische Verfahren.
Disch - Apoth Zig. 123, 515 - 521, 1983.
P
. Piette,
E
. WAY &
P
. CEVA.
Isocratic
liquid
chromatographic method for the simultaneous of Passiflora incarnata L.
Crataegus
monogyna
and flavonoids in drugs.
J. Chromatogr. 357) 233 - 238, 1986.
E
. SPERONI and
A
. Minghetti.
Neuropharmacological
activity
of extracts from Passiflora incarnata.
Planta Med
. 54, 488 - 489, 1988.
Diseases
whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.
Insomnia
.
Stress and depression
.
Nervous
spasm.
Premenstrual syndrome
.
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