This small annual or multi-plant is characterized by flowers zigomorgas with 4 senior white petals and yellow petal than a dark yellow with violet spots in the event of the subspecies arvensis (Murray) Gaud., And 4 senior violet petals and a lower petal white yellow in the subspecies vulgaris (Koch) Oborny. In the two subspecies officinal observed polymorphism leaf-shaped capsules Navicula and small pear seeds fitted with a caruncle.
Tincture of the drug gives saponosides positive reactions, and examined at CCF, notes a band-like pattern umbeliferona and another to the rutoside.
Chemical composition
The drug contains saponosides, a mucilage galacturonic acid (10%), acids, phenols and many pigments: flavonoids mono-C-heterosídicos as vitexina, orientina and its isomer; di-C-heterosídicos as violantina or vicenina-2 [719 ], Carotenoids (violaxantina and its isomers) [720], anthocyanins (violanina, p-cumare ester of 5-glucosil 3-ramnoglucosil delfinidol) [721]. The content is very low Salicylic derivatives: methyl salicylate, majority component of the product resulting from the hidrodestilación Genina and a glycoside-arabinoside, the violutósido.
Properties and employment
The popular tradition attributes to thinking large number of shares: depurative, febrífugo, antispasmodic, healing, emetic, and so on.
It is used in the symptomatic treatment of cough, in the adjuvant component of the painful spasmodic colitis, and through local, as analgesic in the affections of the oral cavity and / or the oropharynx. It has been shown no toxicity of drugs through criomolida acute toxicity tests (2.4 g / kg) and subacute (300 and 1800 mg / kg / day, 4 weeks), rat, oral [722].
Bibliography
[719] H. WAGNER, L. ROSPRIM and ROSPRIM and P. Dull
Die-Flavone C-glykoside von Viola tricolor L
Z. Naturforsch., 27b, 954-958, 1972.
[720] P. Molnar, J. Szabolcs and L. RADICS
Naturally occurring di-cis-violaxanthins from Viola tricolor. iso -
lation and identification by 1H NMR spectroscopy four di-cis-isomers.
Phytochemistry, 25, 195-199, 1986.
[721] N. SAITO, C.F. TIMBERLAKE, O. TUCKNOTT and I.A. LEWIS
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the anthocyanins
