Matricaria, Great camomile; English.: Feverfew, Midsummerdaisy
Parties Air
Perennial herb stems, branches and leaves with soft pinnatisectas very fragrant. The T. parthenium (= Chrysanthemum parthenium Bernh.) is characterized by a dense curds terminal of heterogeneous Chapters 5-30 to open in July-August [264].
Source
It is a plant widespread in the Balkans. It was introduced in the British Isles and then in continental Europe, where he has adapted easily. Nitrophilous, grows near the houses, along walls and in the rubble wet [264,265].
Chemical composition
The parts of plant are rich in substances derived from the metabolism of mevalonic acid [266]: esters derived from monoterpenes bicíclicos Piñana and bornano, Sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (germacrene D, ß-Farnesene ...), costata methacrylate. It also contains esters enol espirocetálicos poliínicos (predominant in the organs of the underground plant).
The activities observed in vitro are due to the presence of lactones Sesquiterpenes which are wholly-methylene butyrolactone [267]. The content ranges from 0.1 to 0.5% [268]. The main component is a germacranólido, the partenólido [266] that appears accompanied by similar derivatives (artemorina, costunólido) and mono guayanólidos and diepóxidos (canine, artecanino), endoperoxide and derivatives formed by opening (dry-tanapartanólidos A and B). Have been discovered guayanólidos chlorinated possibly [269].
Pharmacological data
Given that the Matricaria is traditionally used for their purposes antimigrañosos, research has been directed towards the study of their properties in vitro on platelets: we know with certainty that migraine is linked to abnormalities of platelet function [270]. The extract of the drug inhibits platelet aggregation [271,273] by inhibition of phospholipase A2 [274] and, more precisely, by the action at the level of the protein kinase-C [271]. It inhibits the release of serotonin caused by the ADP or adrenaline [273] and the desgranulación of granulocytes. The division shows that the extract a-Methylene butyrolactone are responsible for this activity [267]: the exo methylene of these lactones should join (Michaël reaction) to the thiols of the protein enzyme involved in the mechanisms of aggregation and therefore desgranulación the addition of cysteine to extracts of Tanacetum antisecretory neutralizes the effects of these on the thrombocytes [272]. The aqueous extract of the plant disrupt the two metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid in rat leukocytes in vitro [274]. Its effects on the mechanism of platelet arachidonic acid is complex [272]. Extracts of drugs and in vitro development partenólido marked cytotoxic properties [275].
Observations on the Man
Following the interest generated by a survey conducted with a hundred regular users [268], a double-blind clinical study with capsules of T. parthenium pulverized in a limited population of patients previously treated with this drug [276th]. The results of this study suggest that the drug is a good prophylactic treatment of the crisis migrañosa: the frequency and severity of the disorders are not increasing in the treated group, however, do in the group receiving the placebo. Although some methodological points of this trial have been criticized [277] the therapeutic potential of this drug and its components is very indicative if one takes into account that was confirmed in a double-blind clinical trial conducted with 72 volunteers [276b].
Precautions
Risk of ulceration in the oral mucosa and in the language with the consumption of fresh plant.
Employment
There are no known signs of acute toxicity. Both as a guinea pig, rat, the consumption of doses 100 times higher than the doses equivalent to those consumed by humans does not produce any toxic manifestation [278].
The survey cited above, reveals a frequency not negligible (17.9%) of side effects: mouth ulcers, abdominal pain ... [278]. In the absence of more comprehensive studies, the most prudent course is to avoid the use of drugs by people who develop allergies to Asteraceae with lactones, as well as from pregnant women (it might be Oxytocics; the teratogenic risk has never been evaluated ). You should also avoid consumption during long periods of uninterrupted [278].
In Spain authorizing the use of this plant for the treatment of fever and headache, especially in cases of migraine (headaches), as it prevents the occurrence of headache and intensity of the same.
He is credited with a regulatory effect of menstruation and treatment of dental and stomach aches.
The drug
The leaves of the base, long petiolated are pinnatisectas in 3-7 pairs of oblong elliptical segments, in turn subdivided into lobes cut or whole. The leaves at the top, cutting petiolated, are less clearly divided. Presents chapters 12 to 22 mm in diameter, with an involvement of bracts lacinia with reaming narrow margins. Liguladas female flowers of white, with ligules of 2-7 mm, yellow florets, hermaphroditic. The achenes have a Pappus (Vilan) short in the form of irregularly lobed crown. One can distinguish T. parthenium of species observed near the trichomes not secreting pluricellular and uniseriate present in the fragments of skin. The analysis of the lactones can be accomplished by CCF Sesquiterpenes You can also take its valuation by infrared spectrometry, a very reliable method [265].
Bibliography
[264] V. H. Heywood
Tanacetum. In: Flora Europaea, T. G. Tutin, V. H. Heywood, N. A. BURGOS, D. M. MOORE, D. H. VALENTINE, S.M. Et D. WALTERS A. WEBB, eds., Cambridge University Press, vol 4, p. 169-171, 1976.
[265] M.I. BERRY
Feverfew faces the future
Pharm. J., 232, 611-614, 1984; about the essential oil See: H. L. DE Poot, J. VERMEESCH and N. M. Schamp. The essential oils of Tanacetum vulgare L. and Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip., J. Ess. Oil Res., 1, M.I. BERRY
[266] F. BOHLMANN and C. ZDERO
Sesquiterpenes lactones and other constituents from Tanacetum parthemium
Phytochemistry, 21, 2543-2549, 1982.
[267] W.A. GROENEWEG, D. W. KNIGHT, S. HEPTINSTALL
Compounds extracted from Feverfew that have anti-secretory activity contain an a-methylene-butyrolactone unit.
J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 38, 709-712, 1986; see also: MJ Begley, M. J. HEWLETT and D. W. KNIGHTW.A. GROENEWEG, D. W. KNIGHT, S. HEPTINSTALL
Compounds extracted from Feverfew that have anti-secretory activ
[268] P. Hylands
Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine with Feverfew
Pharmacy Update, (07-08) 272-276, 1986.
[269] H. WAGNER, B. Fessler, H. LOTTO V. and WRAY
New chlorine-containing lactones Sesquiterpenes from Chrysanthemum parthenium
Planta Med., 54, 171-172, 1988.
[270] E. HANINGTON, R. J. JONES, J. A. L. AMESS and J.R.A. Wachowicz
Migraine: a platelet disorder
Lancet, 2, 720-723, 1981.
[271] S. HEPTINSTALL, A. WHITE, L. WILLIAMSON and J.R. A. MITCHELL
Extracts of Feverfew INHIBIT pelleting secretion in blood platelets and polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Lancet, 1, 1071-1074, 1985; see also on this hypothesis, the work of B. Fessler, S. HEPTINSTALL, A. WHITE, L. WILLIAMSON and J.R. A. MITCHELL
Extracts of Feverfew INHIBIT pelleting secretion in blood platelets and polymorphonuclea [272] S. HEPTINSTALL, W. A. GROENEWEG, P. Spangenberg and W. Loesch
Extracts of Feverfew may INHIBIT platelet behavior via neutralization of sulphydryl groups
J. Pharm Pharmacol., 39, 459-465, 1987.
[273] F. Capasso
The effect of an aqueous extract of Feverfew L. on arachidonic acid metabolism by Peritoneal Rat leucocytes
J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 38, 71-72, 1986.
[274] A.N. MAKHEJA and J.M. BAILEY
Phospholipase A platelet inhibitor from the medicinal herb Feverfew (Feverfew)
[275] L.A.J. O'NEILL, M. L. BARRETT and G.P. LEWIS
Extracts of feferfew INHIBIT mitogen-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine mediated responses: a cytotoxic effect.
Br. J. clin. Pharmacol., 23, 81-83, 1987.
[276] (a) E. S. JOHNSON, N. P. Kadam, D. M. Hylands and P. J. Hylands
Efficacy of Feverfew as prophylactic treatment of Migraine
Br. Med. J., 291, 569-573, 1985.
(b) J.J. MURPHY, S. HEPTINSTALL and J. R. A. MITCHELL
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled (a) - E. S. JOHNSON, N. P. Kadam, D. M. Hylands and P. J. Hylands
Effic
[277] J.C. BARON
Le Chrysanthème peut-il prevent the Migraine?
Concours Med., 109, 264, 1987.
[278] C.A. BALDWIN, L.A. ANDERSON and J.D. Phillipson
What pharmacists should know about Feverfew
Pharm. J., 235-238, 1987.
Diseases whose treatment is appropriate in this plant
Migraine
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